Analysis Of Sherman Alexie s On The Amtrak - 1049 Words

In the poem On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City by Sherman Alexie, the speaker is portrayed as a Native American Indian who wishes to retake and make known his ownership of Indian land, which the white people stole. However, his sympathy towards his rivals seems to keep him from accomplishing these goals. First, we can plainly see his Native American heritage in the language of the poem. For example, he refers to the elderly woman whom he converses with as white (line 1), which implies he is not; there would be no real reason of mentioning skin color unless it was significant to him. The negative outlook the speaker has on the white woman s definition of history is apparent in his rejection of her historical claim. The woman says, Look, / look at all the history, that house on the hill there is over two hundred years old, (lines 1-3). He frowns upon her words, explaining, I have learned / a little more about American history during my few days / back East than what I expect and far less / of what we should all know of the tribal stories / whose architecture is 15,000 years older / than the corners of the house that sits / museum on the hill. (lines 5-11). The way the speaker distances himself from American history (line 6) and how he claims all should know tribal stories (line 8) insinuating he is of tribal descent. Further, he announces, I know the Indians were living stories / around that pond before Walden s grandparents were born (linesShow MoreRelatedBusiness and Management2600 Words   |  11 Pagesat the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Barnet, S., Cain, W.E., Burto, W. (2011). Literature for composition: Essays, stories, poems, and plays (9th ed.). New York, NY: Longman. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Elements of Literature—Stories

Breakdown vs. Break Down How to Choose the Right Word

The words breakdown and break down both refer to a failure or a dismantling of some kind, whether its mechanical, physical, or emotional. The difference is that, written as one word, breakdown is a noun, referring to the result of the action, while the two-word version, break down, is a phrasal verb that denotes the action leading to the result. How to Use Breakdown The one-word noun breakdown means a failure to function, a collapse, or an analysis, especially one relating to statistics. The word is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable. A car can suffer a breakdown when something mechanical or computerized fails and the vehicle wont run. A person suffering a nervous breakdown has an impaired ability to function because  of a psychotic or neurotic disorder. An accountant can present a breakdown, or an analysis, of a business plan. How to Use Break Down Break down is a verb phrase (consisting of a verb and another part of speech, in this case an adverb) meaning to go out of order, lose self-control, or separate into parts or decompose. The phrasal verb is pronounced with equal stress on both words. Before a car stops running, a mechanical system or an onboard computer breaks down and prevents the car from running properly. A person crushed by emotional problems breaks down and can no longer function normally. The accountant breaks down the business plan, or separates it into its component parts for analysis. An organism Examples Here are examples that illustrate the difference between break down, the verb phrase, and breakdown, the noun: The accountant will break down the budget and present the breakdown to all the board members. Here, break down refers to the action the accountant takes in separating the parts of the budget; its a verb phrase. The result of her effort, the document she presents to the board members, is the breakdown. Its a noun.Feeling the car break down after it hit the giant pothole was enough to send Peter into a breakdown. Break down describes the action of the car as it goes out of order; its a verb phrase. Peters breakdown is the result of the overwhelming emotions he feels when his beloved 64 Mustang turns into scrap; its a noun.Saras husband was afraid she would break down and cry, and it wouldnt be the first breakdown she had suffered. Break down refers to Sara losing the ability to function normally because of stress; its a verb phrase. The result of Saras reaction to stress is a breakdown. Its a noun. How to Remember the Difference To remember the difference, decide whether you want to convey an action or a thing, the result of an action. If its the former, you need a verb; if its the latter, you need a noun. Then, consider that: With breakdown, the two words join together to create a noun, just as build and up make the noun buildup and down and turn create the noun downturn. So if you need a noun, pick breakdown. Its always a noun.In break down the word break stands alone, and break usually conveys action; more often than not, its a verb. So if you need a verb, break down is the right choice. Its always a verb.To help you recall that break down  is the verb, remember that you can make break down past tense: or broke down, because the verb  break  is separate from the adverb down. You cant make breakdown past tense. You can also put nouns between the two words, such as  break the wall down. Musical Breakdown A breakdown in music can mean many things, depending on the genre. In many formats it refers to the musicians playing solo parts, or breaking down the music into its components. In heavy metal it can mean a slow, heavy part of the song, and in American country it can mean a lively, shuffling dance. Sources Breakdown or Break Down: What’s the Difference? https://writingexplained.org/breakdown-or-break-down-difference.Breakdown or Break Down: How to Use Each Correctly. http://www.enhancemywriting.com/breakdown-or-break-down

Overview Of The Indian Commodity Market Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3703 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? In India market for futures are from a very long time back , it was there in early 1800s. After Independence, the Forward Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1952 (FCRA, 1952) was passed to promote and regulate this market with Forward Markets Commission (FMC) being set up in 1953 in Mumbai as the regulator. Commodity derivatives were banned in the late 60s, but were revived again in the 80s.After the successful equity market reforms of the 90s, the Government of India tried to replicate similar reforms for the commodity derivatives markets and in 1999 suggested that the Minimum Support Price (MSP)as a price-hedging instrument could be replaced with derivatives markets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Overview Of The Indian Commodity Market Finance Essay" essay for you Create order National-level multi-commodity exchanges were permitted to be set up on conditions of being backed by internationally prevailing best practices of trading, clearing and settlement. The national commodity exchanges follow electronic, transparent trading and clearing with novation, similar to the equity market [See Box 2]. At present, 105 commodities have been approved for trading out of which 95 commodities are actively traded. The development of the commodity derivatives market in India like many other countries has been hindered by policy reversals on concerns regarding its effect on prices and supplies of essential commodities. This apart, integration of spot and futures market is cited as a critical factor for further growth of commodity futures in India. According to Nair (2004), the major stumbling block for the development of commodity futures markets in India is the fragmented physical/spot market with government laws and various taxes that hinder the free movement of commodit ies critique draws attention to the prevalence of bilateral deals in local exchanges, the lack of price transparency both in the (fragmented) futures and spot markets for many commodities and the absence of certified warehouses. At present 22 Exchanges are recognised/registered for forward/futures trading in commodities. Most of the commodity exchanges in India are single commodity platforms and cater mainly to the regional requirements. However, three national-level multi-commodity exchanges have been set up in the country to overcome the problem of fragmentation. These exchanges are: 1. National Multi Commodity Exchange of India (NMCE) 2. Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX) 3. National Commodity Derivatives Exchange of India (NCDEX) NMCE (National Multi Commodity Exchange of India) It is the first state of the demutualized multi-commodity Exchange, National Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. (NMCE) was promoted by commodity-relevant public institutions, viz., Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC), National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED), Gujarat Agro-Industries Corporation Limited (GAICL), Gujarat State Agricultural Marketing Board (GSAMB), National Institute of Agricultural Marketing (NIAM), and Neptune Overseas Limited (NOL). While various integral aspects of commodity economy, viz., warehousing, cooperatives, private and public sector marketing of agricultural commodities, research and training were adequately addressed in structuring the Exchange, finance was still a vital missing link. Punjab National Bank (PNB) took equity of the Exchange to establish that linkage. Even today, NMCE is the only Exchange in India to have such investment and technical support from the comm odity relevant institutions. These institutions are represented on the Board of Directors of the Exchange and also on various committees set up by the Exchange to ensure good corporate governance.. NMCE commenced futures trading in 24 commodities on 26th November, 2002 on a national scale and the basket of commodities has grown substantially since then to include cash crops, food grains, plantations, spices, oil seeds, metals bullion among others.. MCX( Multi Commodity Exchange of India ) :- Headquartered in Mumbai, Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd (MCX) is a state-of-the-art electronic commodity futures exchange. The demutualised Exchange has permanent recognition from the Government of India to facilitate online trading, and clearing and settlement operations for commodity futures across the country. Having started operations in November 2003, today, MCX holds a market share of over 85%* (as on March 31, 2012 MCX had a market share of 86%) of the Indian commodity futures market. The Exchange has more than 2,170 registered members operating through over 3,46,000 including CTCL trading terminals spread over 1,577 cities and towns across India. MCX was the third largest commodity futures exchange in the world, in terms of the number of contracts traded in CY2011 4.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY In India, as derivatives only futures trading in commodities is allowed. These trading are delineated into agriculture and non agriculture commodities. There has to be a systematic approach to reap benefits from commodity futures. These markets are driven by news, rumors, data release aspects and many more .These all things sometimes results in market volatility so assessing the risk mitigation possibility through use of futures is necessary and also the use of other derivative instruments like options. These complicated aspects make the research desk inevitable in brokerage firm. Hence the study is useful to understand the future market trends , analyze the hedging effectiveness of commodity futures and the need of options in commodity market. 4.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY To get to know the hedging effectiveness of the futures as it is many times talked that the futures increases speculative trading rather than hedging tool and to find out wheather price discovery mechanism is there and how efficient is it in hedging price risk, It also covers the need of commodity option in the market and its use as an hedging tool. 4.4 LIMITATION OF STUDY The study is limited to Kolkata and Bangalore brokerage houses only. Limited number of respondents i.e.50 as it was not easy to get data from the corporate. Time constraint was a major limitation. Not covered the industrialist and farmers who trade in commodity market to hedge the production risk.. 5.1 INTRODUCTION This part of the research paper shows the detailed analysis and related interpretation of the collected data in a detailed manner . This analysis and interpretation is based on the research methodology mentioned in Chapter 3 and the micro analysis of the Indian commodity market .In this Chapter initially the analysis of the respondents is done and then it moves on to analyse the the primary data and further to conclude a secondary research is also done from the data sources as earlier mentioned in Chapter 3. 5.2 RESPONDENTS PROFILE The number of respondents taken in for this research is 50. Basically the respondents are those people who trade in commodity market. Majority of respondents are from Kolkata and Bangalore, respondents are from all the age groups . Out of 50 , 20% of respondents are professional people like Chartered Accountants, Company Secretary, and MBA who trade in commodity and other financial instruments and rest are the people who trade in commodity market, respondents also includes the people orking in for brokerage houses who deals in commodity. 5.3 ANALYSIS OF DATA The analysis is done on both primary data and Secondary Data. Exchange in which respondents trade. Chart 5.1: Preference for Commodity Exchange Source: Primary Data 60% of the respondents prefer MCX as the commodity exchange for their investment, whereas NCDEX is preferred by 29% of the sample, and rest of the respondents prefer options other than MCX and NCDEX. Preference for the type of Commodity among Investors. Chart 5.2 : Type of Commodity trade Source: Primary Data Bullion, Metals, Agricultural Products are the most preferred commodity types by 49%, 18%, and 33% of the respondents respectively. Opinion about Indian Market Commodity market volatility. Chart 5.3 : Opinion about Indian commodity market volatility 48% of the respondents are of the opinion that Commodity Market in India is highly volatile, and 43% percentage of respondents feel that the volatility of the Indian Commodity Market is moderate, whereas it is thought to be low volatile by 9% of the respondents. Level of participation in commodity market. Chart 5.4: Level of participation in commodity market Most of the respondents are very active at trading in Commodity Market, whereas 31 % of the respondents are found to be less active in the Commodity Market. 5.3.4 Relationship between Mitigation of risk and level of participation by an investor Table 5.1 :- Cross tabulation of level of investement participation and mitigation of risk. How_Active * Mittigation of risk Crosstabulation Count Mittigation of risk Total Least Priority Less Priority Neutral High Priority Highest Priority How_Active Very Active 1 1 0 4 10 16 Moderate 1 4 8 3 5 21 Less Active 2 2 7 2 1 14 Total 4 7 15 9 16 51 Chart 5.5: Cross tabulation of level of investment participation and mitigation of risk Interpretation: Cross tabulation analysis shows that activeness of a trader in a market have a important role in taking up mitigation of risk. Active trader gives highest priority to Mitigation of risk on the other hand moderate and less active traders are not motivated towards risk mitigation. 5.3.5 Cross tabulation Relationship between investors level of participation and Pure investment Purpose Table 5.2 : Cross tabulation relationship between investement level of participation and investement purpose How_Active * Pure_Investement_Purpose Crosstabulation Count Pure_Investement_Purpose Total Least Priority Less Priority Neutral High Priority Highest Priority How_Active Very Active 3 3 6 3 1 16 Moderate 3 5 5 5 3 21 Less Active 1 2 1 3 7 14 Total 7 10 12 11 11 51 Chart 5.6: Cross tabulation relationship between investement level of participation and investement purpose Interpretation :- Through this cross tabulation we get to know that investors who are less active they make investement in futures with pure investement purpose . On the other hand very active and moderate investors are more neutral towards pure investement purpose. Factor analysis : Factors taken into account are Risk mitigation, Parking of excess cash , Pure investement purpose and To offset price volatility. Table 5.3 : Factor analysis of Risk mitigation, Parking of excess cash , Pure investement purpose KMO and Bartletts Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .615 Bartletts Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 14.924 Df 6 Sig. .41 Interpretation :-Kaiser Meyer Olkin Values range between 0 and 1. A value near to 1 indicates a high correlation and suggests that the data is reliable whereas a value near 0 indicates that correlation is less than partial correlation. KMO value should be greater than 0.5, otherwise we need to collect more data or some of the factors should be eliminated. There are Four categories of value on the basis of KMO value. (0.5-0.7 is mediocre, 0.7-0.8 is good, 0.8-0.9 is great, greater than 0.9 is superb) In this case, the KMO value is .615, so the data falls in the category of mediocre. It means that the data are fair enough to carry on the factor analysis. Further, there should be some relationship between the variables, if we need to carry out Factor analysis. So the significance value should be less than 0.5. In this case the sig value is 0.04 which shows that the data are related to each other, so we can carry out Factor Analysis Communalities Initial Extraction Mittigation of risk 1.000 .432 Pure_Investement_Purpose 1.000 .687 Parking_Excess_Cash 1.000 .774 To_offset price volatility 1.000 .710 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. In this case we assume that the initial variance is common, so the communalities initially are 1.But in the extraction column, the variance has changed for every factor. For Example, variance of .710 signifies that variable 1 is 71% common to variance of other factor Component Matrixa Component 1 2 Mittigation of risk .187 .630 Pure_Investement_Purpose .818 .135 Parking_Excess_Cash -.863 .170 To_offset price volatility .098 -.837 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 2 components extracted. Testing of Hypothesis 5.4.1 Regression Analysis On the primary data collected for determining the impact of various independent variables like Easy money, Speculators , Demand ,Supply, Expiry date on dependent variable i.e. price. Table 5.4 : Regression analysis of independent variables like Easy money, Speculators Demand ,Supply, Expiry date on dependent variable i.e. price. Variables Entered/Removed Model Variables Entered Variables Removed Method 1 Easy Money, Speculators, Demand, Supply, Expiry_Datea . Enter a. All requested variables entered. Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .761a .679 .531 .74737 a. Predictors: (Constant), Easy_Money, Speculators, Demand, Supply, Expiry_Date ANOVAb Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 33.743 5 6.749 12.082 .000a Residual 24.577 44 .559 Total 58.320 49 a. Predictors: (Constant), Easy_Money, Speculators, Demand, Supply, Expiry_Date b. Dependent Variable: Price Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) -.980 .791 -1.238 .222 Demand .511 .122 .436 4.202 .000 Speculators .487 .100 .496 4.872 .000 Supply .037 .150 .027 .248 .805 Expiry_Date .146 .151 .107 .966 .339 Easy_Money .170 .123 .151 1.380 .175 a. Dependent Variable: Price Interpretation : The second table of interest is the Model Summary table. This table provides the R and R2 value. The R2 value is 0.679, which represents the simple correlation and, therefore, indicates a degree of correlation. The R2 value indicates how much of the dependent variable, Price of the commodity , can be explained by the independent variables, Demand , speculator , Supply, Easy money , Expiry date . In this case, 67.9% is the effect which is fair enough. 3. The next table is the ANOVA table. This table indicates that the regression model predicts the outcome variable significantly well. In the Regression row go to the Sig. column. This indicates the statistical significance of the regression model that was applied. Here, P 0.000 which is less than 0.05 and indicates that, overall, the model applied is significantly good enough in predicting the outcome variable. 4. The next table is Coefficients which provides us with information on each predictor variable. This provides us with the information necessary to predict Price from , Demand , speculator , Supply, Easy money , Expiry date . It is seen that Demand and Speculators contribute significantly to the model (by looking at the Sig. column). 5. By looking at the B column under the Unstandardized Coefficients column we can present the regression equation as: Price = -.980 + 0.511(Demand) + .487 (Speculators) 5.4.2 Regression Analysis An analysis of investors perception about Indian commodity market and there participation in the market as independent variable. And its impact on risk mitigation strategy as a dependent Table 5.5 : Regression analysis on factors determining mitigation of risk Interpretation :- The second table Model Summary table. This table provides the R and R2 value. The R2 value is 0.669, which represents the simple correlation and, therefore, indicates a degree of correlation. The R2 value indicates how much of the dependent variable, Price of the commodity , can be explained by the independent variables, How active an investor is there in the commodity market and opinion about volatility in the commodity market. In this case, 67.9% is the effect which is fair enough. 3. The next table is the ANOVA table. This table indicates that the regression model predicts the outcome variable significantly well. In the Regression row go to the Sig. column. This indicates the statistical significance of the regression model that was applied. Here, P 0.000 which is less than 0.05 and indicates that, overall, the model applied is significantly good enough in predicting the outcome variable. 4. The next table is Coefficients which provides us with information on each predictor variable. This provides us with the information necessary to predict Price from ,How Active an investor participate and his opinion of Indian commodity market . It is seen that contribute significantly to the model (by looking at the Sig. column). 5. By looking at the B column under the Unstandardized Coefficients column we can present the regression equation as: Price = 6.128 + 0.767(How Active) + .548 (Volatility) 5.4.4 About price discovery mechanism in future market Chart 5.6 : Future market price discovery process Interpretation :- As the Price discovery mechanism is concerned 28% of the respondents say that it depends on the future and spot relationship, 25% says its reflected first on spot, 23% on futures, 24% says market is efficient. So with this conclusion we can say that it is not very clear which way the price is discovered. 5.4.5 Factor Analysis :- Of the factors which can help in determining wheather price discovery mechanism exist in the commodity market factors taken into consideration are efficient market, price reflects first on the spot market, information first reflects first on the futures market and their exist a relationship between futures and spot prices KMO and Bartletts Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .557 Bartletts Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 19.164 df 6 Sig. .004 Interpretation :-Kaiser Meyer Olkin Values range between 0 and 1. A value near to 1 indicates a high correlation and suggests that the data is reliable whereas a value near 0 indicates that correlation is less than partial correlation. KMO value should be greater than 0.5, otherwise we need to collect more data or some of the factors should be eliminated. There are Four categories of value on the basis of KMO value. (0.5-0.7 is mediocre, 0.7-0.8 is good, 0.8-0.9 is great, greater than 0.9 is superb) In this case, the KMO value is .557, so the data falls in the category of mediocre. It means that the data are fair enough to carry on the factor analysis. Further, there should be some relationship between the variables, if we need to carry out Factor analysis. So the significance value should be less than 0.5. In this case the sig value is 0.04 which shows that the data are related to each other, so we can carry out Factor Analysis Correlation Matrix Efficient Futures_Market Spot_Market Closely_Related Sig. (1-tailed) Efficient .003 .147 .014 Futures_Market .003 .009 .218 Spot_Market .147 .009 .074 Closely_Related .014 .218 .074 5.4.6 Cross Tabulation To check the need of commodity options and to find out particularly in which commodity the financial instrument ids much needed. Importance * Agriculture Products Crosstabulation Count Agriculture Products Total No Yes Importance Very Important 9 14 23 Not Important 9 2 11 Indifferent 3 8 11 Total 21 24 45 Importance * Bullion Cross tabulation Count Bullion Total No Yes Importance Very Important 17 6 23 Not Important 3 8 11 Indifferent 6 5 11 Total 26 19 45 Importance * Metals Cross tabulation Count Metals Total No Yes Importance Very Important 20 3 23 Not Important 10 1 11 Indifferent 10 1 11 Total 40 5 45 Importance * Fossil/Energy Crosstabulation Count Fossil/Energy Total No Yes Importance Very Important 21 2 23 Not Important 9 2 11 Indifferent 11 0 11 Total 41 4 45 Interpretation :- This cross tabulation analysis is done to determine the need of commodity options in the market and also to know in which commodity product option is needed. So as per the data collected it shows that the commodity option is needed in the market it is much need derivative tool in the agriculture commodity. 5.4.7 Purpose for which commodity option can be used in the market Chart 5.6 : Purpose for which commodity option can be used in the market Interpretation :- As the chart shows that the investment in commodity option will be more for making profit through movement in the price and also it will be used as a risk mitigation tool. 5.4.8 Research based on Secondary Research Comdex index futures and spot Correlation :- This analysis is done in order to check the movement of futures and spot . As per the analysis correlation shows negative correlation .31. Which denotes movement in price of one effect the other inversely. Conclusion :- This shows that the movement in the price of one effect the other so there exist a price discovery mechanism between these two prices. 6.1 FINDINGS From the research we got to know that on the basis of an individual participation level in the commodity futures market determines his needs for investment. It is found that an active investor invest in futures market to mitigate the risk so it can be considered that the futures are being considered as a hedging tool. On the other hand non active investors in the commodity futures main motive is either making a pure investment or offsetting the price volatility in the market. Factors like mitigation of risk, parking of excess cash, offsetting price volatility and pure investment are the main reasons for trading in commodity futures. It is found that the factors like Supply , Demand , Speculators , Easy Money , Expiry date all have a direct effect on the price of the commodity and there exist a correlation among them. It is also found that there exist a relationship between individual perception of commodity market and there investment decision. As per the research done it is found that investor who view commodity market as volatile and are also active in market they in commodity futures for risk mitigation i.e. they consider futures as a hedging tool. On other hand who feels commodity market is not that volatile it is moderate on less volatile and they are too active in market there investment purpose is more as pure investment or offsetting price volatility. It is found that factors which help in price discovery mechanism like market efficiency, reflection of market information first on the spot market, effect of market information first on the futures market and that spot market and futures market are interrelated and helps in determining. As per the secondary research done on the datas collected of 3 index traded fund on MCX of India both their daily spot and future prices of past one year daily historic price it shows a coo relation, which means that they are closely interrelated so it can be said that market information are reflected on both the prices so futures can be said to discover price because of co orelation. As the research area also analyse the need of commodity option in the market it comes out with a finding that commodity option is much needed item especially in the agri commodity sector 6.2 CONCLUSION :- To conclude presently the Indian commodity market is getting very popular the volume of trade has increased so this has resulted in increasing the efficiency level of the market . But as India being a agriculture driven country and agri market mainly depends on the monsoon which is very uncertain so hedging against the price risk through commodity futures can be good idea and it has proved effective too in past and in other commodity too like energy, bullion, metals commodity futures can be a effective tool. Apart from futures in order to encourage commodity market commodity option too is about to be introduced in the market and as per the research investors are really looking forward for it and that too especially it will be great help in the agricultural sector. 6.3 SUGGESTION Commodity market is a good place too invest in it can help in mitigation of risk like price in risk in todays inflation effected scenario. Commodity market can help in securing a certain price level through the use of futures. Through the use of relation between futures and spot price discovery can be done so this can be used for arbitraging and speculating future trends in prices. With introduction of commodity option possibility in near future investement in commodity market will be emcouraged as it will provide a better hedge mechanism . So it can be said that it is worthwhile making an investement in commodity market now in order to hedge against the price risk, inflation risk and production risk . 6.4 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY As my research is limited to areas like Kolkata and Bangalore soa further research can be conducted covering major cities. Sample size can be increased for getting a more clesr result . Respondents can include farmers and industrialist who trade in commodity market to hedge against their production and price risk More variables can be added which affect the commodity futures.

Essay about Estee Lauder Financial Ratio Analysis

LIntroduction The purpose of this report is to highlight and assess the financial strength of Estee Lauder. This report will cover Estee Lauder’s Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage and Activity Ratios, which will be 19 key ratios. Secondly, these ratios will be interpreted to evaluate the current performance of the company with its historic figures of prior three years. Lastly, all these ratios will be compared with Cosmetics and Beauty Industry average and its competitor L’Oreal in 2012. Table # 1 Summary of Key Financial Ratios of Estee Lauder Estee Lauder Financial Ratios | RATIOS | (MRQ)2012 | FY 2011 | FY 2010 | Industry | L’Oreal SA. | Profitability Ratios % | | | | | | Gross Profit Margin | 80.40% | 78.01% |†¦show more content†¦The growing number shows that the company is running better than before. The ratio of 8.82% in 2012 indicates that for every dollar of sales generated, Estee Lauder retains 8 cents in earnings. However, the margin is below the industry average (10.75%) and competitor L’Oreal (11.99%). Estee Lauder’s return on total assets is upward trend. Compared to the industry average (1.83%), Estee Lauder is performing better, and more efficient than other companies in the industry. The high return on total assets indicates that the company is investing wisely and is likely profitable. Return on equity ratios measure the percentage of profit earned on common stockholders’ investment in the company. As the table shown, Estee Lauder is increasing on its return on equity. There is a significant success on Estee Lauder because the ratio 13.32% is almost ten times greater than the industry average and double the L’Oreal ratios. This indicates that for every dollar of shareholder’s equity, Estee Lauder is earning returns of 13 cents. Estee Lauder performs well in return on equity, which means the company is really well on reinvesting earnings to generate additional earnings. Return on invested capital is used to assess a company’s efficiency at allocating the capital under its control profitable investments. Estee Lauder is trending upward form 15.33% to 21.78%. Besides that, it is much greater thanShow MoreRelatedEstee Lauder Case Analysis by Fred David 12th Edition1045 Words   |  5 PagesCase Background Està ©e Lauder Companies was a technologically advanced, innovative company which gained a worldwide reputation for elegance, luxury and superior quality. Està ©e Lauder Companies, Inc. which founded in 1946 is a U.S manufacturer and marketer of skin care, cosmetics, hair-care and fragrance products. The company’s headquarters are in Manhattan, New York City. 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Company Introduction Founded in 1946, the Està ©e Lauder Companies, Inc. is one of an American corporation in New York City. Està ©e Lauder is a manufacturer and market of four cosmetics product lines: skin care, make up, fragrances and hair care products. By integrating â€Å"High-Touch† aspect into all day-to-day business activities, this technologically advanced, innovative company has gained a worldwide reputation for elegance, luxury and superior quality. Each of the company’sRead MoreEstee Lauder6308 Words   |  26 PagesEstee Lauder Companies, Inc. 1.0 Overview (Chronology) Estee Lauder, the founder of what is now a major cosmetics empire, started her business with a single jar of face cream that was mixed by her uncle, a chemist. Today, based in New York City, Estee Lauder is a manufacturer and marketer of four cosmetics product lines, like skin care, makeup, fragrances, and hair care products. These products are sold in over 130 countries and territories under different brand names, such as Estee Lauder, MACRead MoreEstee Lauder Case 1 Analysis2757 Words   |  12 PagesExternal Audit 5 Opportunities Threats 5 Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) 6 External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix 7 Internal Audit 8 Strengths Weakness 8 Financial Ratio Analysis 9 Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix 10 SWOT Matrix 11 SPACE Matrix 12 Internal External Matrix 13 Recommendations 14 Case Abstract The Estee Lauder Companies Inc. engages in the manufacture, marketing, and sale of skin care, makeup, fragrance, and hair care products worldwide. It offers skin care productsRead MoreEstee Lauder Inc.9371 Words   |  38 PagesContents 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 SITUATION ANALYSIS 3 2.1 General Environment—PEST Analysis 3 2.2 Industry Environment 4 2.2.1 Industry Definition and Overview 4 2.2.2 Competitors Profile 4 2.2.3 Porter’s Five Forces 6 2.2.4 Critical Success Factors 7 2.3 Company 7 2.3.1 Financial Analysis 7 2.3.2 Product Mix 10 2.4 Problem Identification 11 3 SWOT 12 4 STRATEGY FORMULATION 13 4.1 Strategy Formulation 13 4.2 Target Market 15 4.3 Product Mix Changes 19 4.3.1 Product 19 4.3.2 Price 20 Read MoreEstee Lauder9709 Words   |  39 PagesEstee Lauder Study Case Estee Lauder CASE STUDY ANALYSIS STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (MGT 658) Prepared by: ACKNOWLEDGMENT Alhamdulillah, first of all we would like to thank ALLAH S.W.T as finally we were able to finish our assignments that have been given by lecturer to us. This task had been done with all afford by group members even though a little bit problem were happened among us while doing this assignment. Luckily all the problems can be settled down and we were able to adapt properly andRead MoreEssay on Cosmetics Industry9878 Words   |  40 PagesSpecialty Cosmetics Industry Analysis March 19, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Industry Type Degree of Industry Concentration Opportunities and Threats Opportunities Threats Past and Projected Market Growth Rate Competitive Analysis New Entrants Substitutes Rivalry within the Industry Suppliers Buyers Driving Forces Analysis Industry Key Success Factors Financial Analysis Works Cited Retail

Ancient Greek Mythology Essay Free Essays

Greek Mythology is a group of teachings and myths that were originated by the ancient Greeks, when they were trying to understand the origin of things in the sky and on earth. This myth was a big part of the religion of the Greeks. Hesiod offers the theogony, which tells of the dealings with the creation of the world, and the origin of the gods, titans, and giants. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greek Mythology Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Athena, also called Athene, was a goddess of many things like wisdom, and courage. She was born to Zeus and Metis in Mount Olympus. She was fully grown and wearing armor from head to toe. Athena is said to be a pre-Hellenic goddess that was taken by the Greeks. Her story shows that the people were looking for closure over wisdom and war during this time. This myth seeks to explain some countless inventions. She has a major influence on today’s culture. For instance, her helmet is featured on the crest of West Point Academy, as well as represented the first branch of the United States Army just for women. Although there are many different stories of how Athena came to be, most known one is that Zeus swallowed Metis and Athena sprang from his head. Because she is the goddess of many things, Athena is featured on many modern crests, was praised by the Greeks in their time, and was supposedly the origin of many great inventions. Although classical Greek culture was during the period of the 4th and 5th centuries, ancient Greek culture and myths are tremendously influential in many aspects like, language, politic, educational system, philosophy, science, the arts, and the gods. For instance, our country is a democracy. Democracy is said to originate from Greece. Not only that, we use the gods and goddesses in our everyday life. Athena’s helmet is featured on the West Point Military Academy crest. Her head is represented on the first branch of the United States Army that is for women. Hellenic polytheists worship the Greek gods, olympians, nature divinities, underworld deities, and heroes. Hellenic religion is any systems of beliefs and practices of the ancient Greeks during the Hellenic period and the Roman Empire. Religion was very important to the Greeks because they believed that religion would make their lives better. This Hellenistic world was made after conquest that went from India to Egypt and took about 20 to complete after Alexander the Great’s death. (Hellenistic Culture) Athena was born to Zeus and Metis, at Mount Olympus, fully grown and wearing full armor from head to toe. Athena is said to be a pre-Hellenic goddess that was taken from Zeus by the Greeks. There are many different versions of how Athena came to be. Most say that Zeus and Metis conceived a baby girl. Before Metis gave birth, Mother Earth told Zeus that a child born to Metis would one day overthrow his throne. He became worried because that is the same thing he did to his own father. Zeus challenged her in a shapeshifting contest; she turned herself into a fly and taking the advice of Gaea and Uranus, Zeus swallowed her up. A few days later, he started to get dreadful headaches and asked his son, Hephaestus, to take an axe and crack his head open.(Temple) Some versions say that Palamon and Hermes helped Zeus give birth. Others regard her to be his daughter, but also as the daughter of Pallas, whom she killed later because he tried to desecrate her chastity. Another that was transplanted to Libya, says that she is the daughter of Poseidon and Tritonis. According to Athena, herodotus became enraged with her father and went to Zeus, who later stepped in as her father. These were regarded more as Hellenistic Myths (â€Å"Athene†) Athena was a goddess of many aspects like wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, strategic warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill.She was the goddess of arts and crafts because of her spinning and weaving. She was the goddess of war and wisdom because she sprang from Zeus’s head and she was a ruthless warrior. She was very strategic and skilled during warfare. She is often portrayed as the companion of heroes is the patron goddess of heroic endeavour. (â€Å"Athene†) Athena was featured in many heroic stories. One being, when she assisted Odysseus in his adventures. Odysseus and Athena were similar. He was the Greek King of Ithaca just as she was a great goddess. They had some of the same qualities. They were both nondiscriminatory, and clever. When it came to helping Odysseus in the Trojan War, she was there. Other gods didn’t like that he was helping the Trojans. Most of all, she helped him on his way home, because he ran into many obstacles. He was imprisoned by Calypso then, when he escaped, he went sailing through storms, which later resulted in many shipwrecks. He then found himself in trouble with many other gods like, Poseidon and Polyphemus. Athena did not want to make the other gods angry, so she only offered Odysseus wisdom. When he returned safely to Ithaca, Athena helped him disguise as a beggar.(Temple) A less heroic story of Athena, is when she accidentally killed her friend, Pallas. As a young woman, Athena didn’t quite fit in on Mount Olympus. So she went out to find a friend, Pallas. Her new friend was the daughter of Triton, the sea god. The often practiced their combat skills with each other. On time they were doing their session when Pallas took a fatal blow from Athena. Feeling sorrowful, Athena put a statue of Pallas near Zeus’s throne Mount Olympus.(Temple) Athena has a major influence on today’s culture; her helmet is featured on many things of the United States. One being the West Point Academy crest. Her helmet represents her wisdom, while her sword represents a warrior. The seal of California also features her head. It symbolizes the goddess of wisdom overlooking the scene. (Seal of California) The US Women Army Corps shows her head as their insignia. Athena is said to be the origin of many things that make up Greek culture. She made the statue of Pallas that sits near Zeus’s throne. She helped many heros on adventures, like the one with Odysseus. She also has tremendous influence on modern culture. For instance, she is featured on the Seal of California, the U.S. Women’s Army Corp, and the West Point crest. Its is clear that Athena is relevant in both ancient times and modern day culture. She is, many times, the symbol of power, wisdom, and valor. This is what makes her so influential in the world. How to cite Ancient Greek Mythology Essay, Essays

Computerized Inventory System free essay sample

Introduction Technology is dynamic. Todays generation people and other organizations depend and use modern technology. An inventory system is a system used to keep track of a businesss products and supplies. These programs are invaluable tools for most businesses because they are able to complete tasks quickly which would take much longer if done manually. These systems help keep personnel from wasting their time counting supplies and trying to manually determine which products to buy and sell. Manual Inventory System nvolves all concerns within its transactions, on how the staff would be able to maintain the current status of their inventory, whether adding, deleting, and ordering a stock, the manual process consumes too much time for the staff and rigid time to process a transaction. Every year, the demand for the computer based systems for the businesses keeps on growing. Companies have improved their old system for ease of work in accessing files and organizing records. We will write a custom essay sample on Computerized Inventory System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Converting their old system into a much efficient computerized system, this will have a great effect on the organization; this also helps ase the work to the staff maintaining the inventory. The proponent constructed a study of a system that will help those personnel who are charge in the logistics office to organized and secure the files of the company and to immediately find information of product. Current State of Technology Todays world is constant and rapidly changing due to technology. There is always a new and improved way to do something. Technology is used in some form or fashion in everyday life. Why not prepare our employee to be efficient and better trained for jobs on this nearly computerized environment? There are already so many Jobs that ave been replaced by computers and robots. Why not let our employee contribute to this technical age? Many argue that technology enables us as humans, to be lazy. While that may hold some truth it is better to be knowledgeable and proficient in this area rather than being left behind. Company is no longer limited to simple reading, writing and arithmetic. The use of technology has expanded the prospect for education, giving us never ending possibilities. Therefore, technology deserves significant company attention in order for employee to possess technological survival skills. Computerized Inventory System By zhes-abina

Fundamental of Nursing

Question: Discuss how you will develop a teaching plan to meet the learning needs of your patient? Answer: Delegation and evaluation The registered nurse (RN) should determine if her facility policies and state law permit her to hand over the particular task. The RN should also understand if this particulate task lies within the RN practice scope in her state (Potter Perry, 2001). The RN need to be licensed and capable of performing the task they hand over and also that particular task should be authorizes as detegatable by the care facility and UAP can carry out. If the task can be delegated the UAP are not allowed to carry out independently. For example, the hospital may permit the UAP to administer enema but only the registered nurse can decide whether she should administer this medicine at a particular time. To make the enema administration more effective the registered nurse should verify whether the UAP is competent to perform this task (TOMARU, NAKAMURA SAITO, 2011). If the task should not have been delegated to a UAP, the registered nurse should arrange for another certified nurse to perform the task or she should perform the task by her. She should schedule her work in a proper way to avoid task overload or time shortage. A teaching plan If a care consumer has obtained proper knowledge about treatment plan that does not assure compliance. Failure to obey the recommended plan is associated with different factors. A proper teaching plan includes identification of associated factors, defining characteristics and set expected outcomes. In this context, a nurse as a teacher should give proper instruction as recommended (Morris Faulk, 2012). Adapt the instruction in the context of what the client feels is the reason of his/her health complication and his/her concerns regarding therapy. Encourage associated other person to eradicate disincentive and increase rewards for compliance, explain community resources and give social support through the self help groups and family members of the patient. References Morris, A., Faulk, D. (2012).Transformative learning in nursing. New York: Springer. Potter, P., Perry, A. (2001).Fundamentals of nursing. St. Louis: Mosby. Tomaru, Y., Nakamura, Y., Saito, M. (2011). Strategic Managerial Delegation In A Mixed Duopoly With Capacity Choice: Partial Delegation Or Full Delegation*.The Manchester School,79(4), 811-838. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9957.2010.02179.x